Replica Designer Watches

2013-12-10

IRIS provides unprecedented images of sun

Dec. 9, 2013 — The region located between the surface of the sun and its atmosphere has been revealed as a more violent place than previously understood, according to images and data from NASA's newest solar observatory, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS.

Share This:

Solar observatories look at the sun in layers. By capturing light emitted by atoms of different temperatures, they can focus in on different heights above the sun's surface extending well out into the solar atmosphere, the corona. On June 27, 2013, IRIS, was launched, to study what's known as the interface region -- a layer between the sun's surface and corona that previously was not well observed.

Over its first six months, IRIS has thrilled scientists with detailed images of the interface region, finding even more turbulence and complexity than expected. IRIS scientists presented the mission's early observations at a press conference at the Fall American Geophysical Union meeting on Dec. 9, 2013.

"The quality of images and spectra we are receiving from IRIS is amazing," said Alan Title, IRIS principal investigator at Lockheed Martin in Palo Alto, Calif. "And we're getting this kind of quality from a smaller, less expensive mission, which took only 44 months to build."

For the first time, IRIS is making it possible to study the explosive phenomena in the interface region in sufficient detail to determine their role in heating the outer solar atmosphere. The mission's observations also open a new window into the dynamics of the low solar atmosphere that play a pivotal role in accelerating the solar wind and driving solar eruptive events.

Tracking the complex processes in the interface region requires instrument and modeling capabilities that are only now within our technological reach. IRIS captures both images and what's known as spectra, which display how much of any given wavelength of light is present. This, in turn, corresponds to how much material in the solar atmosphere is present at specific velocities, temperatures and densities. IRIS's success is due not only to its high spatial and temporal resolution, but also because of parallel development of advanced computer models. The combined images and spectra have provided new imagery of a region that was always known to be dynamic, but shows it to be even more violent and turbulent than imagined.

"We are seeing rich and unprecedented images of violent events in which gases are accelerated to very high velocities while being rapidly heated to hundreds of thousands of degrees," said Bart De Pontieu, the IRIS science lead at Lockheed Martin. "These types of observations present significant challenges to current theoretical models."

DePontieu has been culling images of two particular types of events on the sun that have long been interesting to scientists. One is known as a prominence, which are cool regions within the interface region that appear as giant loops of solar material rising up above the solar surface. When these prominences erupt they lead to solar storms that can reach Earth. IRIS shows highly dynamic and finely structured flows sweeping throughout the prominence.

The second type of event is called a spicule, which are giant fountains of gas -- as wide as a state and as long as Earth -- that zoom up from the sun's surface at 150,000 miles per hour. Spicules may play a role in distributing heat and energy up into the sun's atmosphere, the corona. IRIS imaging and spectral data allows us to see at high resolution, for the first time, how the spicules evolve. In both cases, observations are more complex than what existing theoretical models predicted.

"We see discrepancies between these observations and the models and that is great news for advancing knowledge," said Mats Carlsson, an astrophysicist at the University of Oslo in Norway. "By seeing something we don't understand we have a chance of learning something new."

Carlsson helps support the crucial computer model component of IRIS' observations. The computer models require an intense amount of power. Modeling just an hour of events on the sun can take several months of computer time. IRIS relies on supercomputers at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., the Norwegian supercomputer collaboration and the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe.

Such computer models had helped design the IRIS instruments by providing a basis for the instrument performance requirements. Currently, they are used for analysis of IRIS data, as they represent the state of knowledge about what scientists understand about the interface region. By comparing models with actual observations, researchers figure out where the models fail, and therefore where the current state of knowledge is not complete.

By filling in these gaps, IRIS observations are helping round out our images of the solar atmosphere. The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency/NASA Hinode mission provides detailed imagery of the solar surface. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory offers imagery of what's higher up in the corona. Now, IRIS provides unprecedented information about the crucial layer in between, to finally help us understand how energy moves through the lower levels of the solar atmosphere driving the solar wind and heating the corona.

The IRIS Observatory was designed and the mission is managed by Lockheed Martin. The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., built the telescope. Montana State University in Bozeman, Mont. designed the spectrograph. NASA Ames provides mission operations and ground data systems. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Md. manages the Small Explorer Program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C. The Norwegian Space Centre is providing regular downlinks of science data. Other contributors include the University of Oslo and Stanford University in Stanford, Calif.

For more information about IRIS, visit: www.nasa.gov/iris

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

We have built up long term business relationship with about many companies which are stockers and authorized agents. we have a steady and reliable supply to meet customer's demands to the greatest extent .Confidently, we are able to lower your cost and support your business with our years of professional service.

SUV System Ltd is Electronic Components Distributor Supplies,Find Quality Electronic Components Supplies Products IC(Integrated Circuits),Connectors,Capacitor,Resistors,Diodes,Transistors,LED at Suvsystem.com. Sourcing Other Energy, Environment, Excess Inventory Products from Manufacturers and Suppliers at Suvsystem.com

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

SUV System Ltd insists on the managing faith ofsincereness,speciality,foresight, win-win,so we build up stable-relationship customers located all over the world, including the States, Europe, Argentina, UAE, Malaysia, Australia,and India etc

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

AGILENT LED NS IC Low Ohmic Resistors TOSHIBA Diodes AVX Resistors IR transistor chip Filter saws Discrete Semiconductor Transistors IC(Integrated Circuits) Voltage Regulators Transistors components ON Transistors Thin Film Resistors Fast Recovery Diodes Schottky Diodes NEC Transistors Metal Can Packages Transistors Thick Film Resistors Ligitek LED Fleld Effect Transistors DIODES Transistors Microchip IC Chip Fuses Renesas parts IC ELPIDA IC YAGEO Resistors Civil IC LED Cypress IC AD IC Other Parts Multi-units Transistors HARRIS IC Military IC Switching Diodes PANASONIC Resistors Infineon Technologies Transistors TOSHIBA Transistors Xilinx IC LED part
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7867.aspx

Solar cells made thin, efficient and flexible

Dec. 9, 2013 — Converting sunshine into electricity is not difficult, but doing so efficiently and on a large scale is one of the reasons why people still rely on the electric grid and not a national solar cell network.

Share This:

But a team of researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Central Florida in Orlando may be one step closer to tapping into the full potential of solar cells. The team found a way to create large sheets of nanotextured, silicon micro-cell arrays that hold the promise of making solar cells lightweight, more efficient, bendable and easy to mass produce.

The team used a light-trapping scheme based on a nanoimprinting technique where a polymeric stamp mechanically emboss the nano-scale pattern on to the solar cell without involving further complex lithographic steps. This approach has led to the flexibility researchers have been searching for, making the design ideal for mass manufacturing, said UCF assistant professor Debashis Chanda, lead researcher of the study.

The study's findings are the subject of the November cover story of the journal Advanced Energy Materials.

Previously, scientists had suggested designs that showed greater absorption rates of sunlight, but how efficiently that sunlight was converted into electrical energy was unclear, Debashis said. This study demonstrates that the light-trapping scheme offers higher electrical efficiency in a lightweight, flexible module.

The team believes this technology could someday lead to solar-powered homes fueled by cells that are reliable and provide stored energy for hours without interruption.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Welcome guests: Added molecules allow metal-organic frameworks to conduct electricity

Electron-sharing TCNQ molecules bind to the copper ions in the framework to enable electrical conductivity in MOF materials. The dotted white arrows illustrate the mechanism of electrical conductivity in these materials. (TCNQ: 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinododimethane)

MOFs are three-dimensional crystalline materials with nanoscale pores made up of metal ions linked by various organic molecules. MOFs have huge surface areas, and scientists can easily control the size of their pores and how the pores interact with molecules by tinkering with their chemistries. These characteristics make them ideal for use as catalysts, membranes or sponges for gas storage or for drug delivery, among other applications.

Thousands of new MOF structures are discovered and characterized each year. While they come in a dizzying array of chemistries and structures, none of them conducts electricity well. The NIST/Sandia team developed a method to modify the electrical conductivity of MOF thin films and to control it over six orders of magnitude. Their findings will appear in the journal Science.

"MOFs are typically extremely poor electrical conductors because their constituent building blocks, the organic linkers and the metal ions, don't really talk to each other in terms of electrical conduction," says NIST materials engineer Andrea Centrone. "Our work points to a way of controlling and increasing their conductivity."

The group accomplished this by "infiltrating an insulating MOF with redox-active, conjugated guest molecules."

In other words, they infused and bound electron-sharing molecules into MOF thin films to create a material that is stable in air and approximately a million times more conductive than the unaltered MOF.

"Based on several spectroscopic experiments, we believe that the guest molecules serve two important purposes: they create additional bridges between the metal ions -- copper, in this case -- and they accept electrical charge," says NIST chemist Veronika Szalai.

According to NIST physicist Paul Haney, who provided some modeling for the experimental data, the arrangement of the guest molecules in the MOF creates a unique conductivity mechanism while preserving the benefits of the porous MOF crystalline structure.

These porous and conductive MOFs may be the first in an entirely new class of materials that could be used for sensing, conformal electronics (electronics that can bend and conform to unusual shapes), and other as-yet-unknown applications.

"Our discovery gives chemists and engineers a whole new degree of freedom to tailor these materials for their technological applications," says Centrone. "I would not be surprised if solar cells could be made using this new class of materials."

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Aging out of bounds: New demographic data show how diversely different species age and biologists cannot explain why

Not only are previous explanations unable to deal with life spans ranging from a few days (fruit fly), to decades (humans), to centuries (hydra), but they are also unable to account for variations in the death rate. Common theories assert that the probability of dying rises with age, as for humans. However, the researchers cataloged species such as the white mangrove and the desert tortoise whose probability of dying actually decreases with age. In addition, fertility periods of some species also challenge common theories.

Previous attempts to explain aging claim that creatures only invest in self-preservation until they have reproduced successfully and raised their offspring. Following this line of reasoning, when the end of the fertility period approaches, the body should start to decay -- which is known as senescence, or aging.

For humans this is only partly true. According to the Nature study, mortality of modern Japanese women rises constantly after childhood. But contradictorily, humans still live for a long time after fertility has ceased. Today, many people stay healthy until they are grandparents and their probability of dying is correspondingly small. Only at advanced ages is mortality growing rapidly. For example, in Japanese women 100 years old, mortality reaches more than 20 times their lifetime average.

This makes humans a real oddity. No other species in the researcher's catalogue has a mortality curve which rises that sharply. Even among other mammals, death rates reach no more than five times the lifetime average. Why evolution developed such big differences is a mystery to Biologists.

For many species aging is turned upside down

Current theories are especially at odds with two groups of species for which the concept of aging appears to be turned upside down. On the one hand there are creatures whose mortality stays constant throughout their whole life, like hydra or the hermit crab. Their bodies do not seem to degenerate during their lifetime which can be understood as the absence of aging. And there are even species whose probability of dying decreases as they grow older, like the red gorgonian (a coral), the netleaf oak and the desert tortoise. Their risk of dying obviously never becomes zero, but when they are old they are more likely to survive until their next birthday than when they were in their youth.

There is another belief that the new data catalogue disproves: the idea that species with a short life span die so soon because they age so quickly. This would mean that their mortality rises strongly throughout life. However, sometimes the contrary is the case, such as in the tundra vole. Its mortality increases only moderately until it reaches two times its lifetime average at old age. Nevertheless, this vole rarely survives beyond one year. Humans, however, are living for an entire century more and more often, despite the fact that their risk of dying skyrockets at old age (up to more than 20 times the lifetime average).

Data will pave the way for a unified theory of aging

"Surprisingly, one can hardly imagine a type of life course that is not found in nature," says researcher Owen Jones from the Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging. This applies not only for mortality but also for fertility. While women become infertile after a limited childbearing period in the first half of their lives, fertility rises until almost the end of the lifespan for the alpine swift. And the yellow baboon has offspring throughout its life without any influence of age. "One reason why we still lack a unified theory of aging is that our view on aging was always biased because we had data only for a very restricted selection of species," says biodemographer Alexander Scheuerlein from MPIDR. There have long been high quality demographic records for hundreds of mammals and birds but very few for other vertebrates or invertebrates. Extremely little is known about algae, fungi or bacteria. In order to understand why evolution created aging, much more comprehensive data on all species have to be collected, says Alexander Scheuerlein.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

ST Diodes Voltage Regulators Transistors TDK IC Multi-units Transistors High Precision Resistors Renesas parts IC LINEAR IC Fast Recovery Diodes Chip Inductors TI IC Vishay resistors AVX Resistors Chip Ferrite Beads Zener Diodes Bipolar Transistors ROHM Resistors Transistors Discrete Semiconductor Transistors Military IC Switching Diodes NS IC Cypress IC Current Sensors Resistors Ligitek LED Diodes MAXIM IC Connectors ALTERA IC LED Diodes Inc FAIRCHILD diodes ELPIDA IC PANASONIC VISHAY IC Rectifier Diodes chip Filter saws components Schottky Diodes Atmel IC INTERSIL IC
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7849.aspx

Pioneering path to electrical conductivity in 'Tinker Toy' material (MOF)

Dec. 9, 2013 — Sandia National Laboratories researchers have devised a novel way to realize electrical conductivity in metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, a development that could have profound implications for the future of electronics, sensors, energy conversion and energy storage.

Share This:

The article, "Tunable Electrical Conductivity in Metal-Organic Framework Thin-Film Devices," debuts in the Dec. 5 edition of Science. The paper -- co-authored by a group of Sandia researchers and collaborators at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) -- describes a technique that experiments show successfully increases the electrical conductivity of one MOF by over six orders of magnitude.

"Fundamentally, this sheds enormous light on the conduction process in these materials," said Alec Talin, a material scientist at Sandia and the paper's lead author.

Applications for electrically conducting MOFs, said Sandia senior scientist Mark Allendorf, include chemical sensing, medical diagnostics, energy harvesting and storage and microelectronics.

MOFs: "tinker toys" for chemists

Materials researchers have considered MOF materials primarily for use in gas storage, drug delivery and other conventional applications for porous materials. Their crystalline structure, which resembles molecular scaffolding, consists of rigid organic molecules linked together by metal ions. This hybrid of inorganic and organic components produces an unusual combination of properties: nanoporosity, ultrahigh surface areas and remarkable thermal stability, which are attractive to chemists seeking novel materials that combine the superior performance of traditional inorganic semiconductors with the low cost and ease of fabrication typical of conducting organic polymers.

Allendorf, a chemist and MOF expert who called the research findings the most exciting development in his 28-year Sandia career, likens them to "tinker toys" for chemists.

"When you imagine the 'tinker toys' we played with as children, you recall they are essentially wooden balls with holes that you can link together with sticks," Allendorf explained. "MOFs work the same way, only you substitute metal ions for the balls and organic molecules for the sticks."

The resulting open space within the scaffolding can be filled with guest molecules, which gave Sandia's Talin the idea to use the pore to make the MOFs electrically conducting.

"Importantly, MOFs possess a characteristic of molecules that allows us to adapt their properties to a specific application: we can perform chemistry on them, unlike traditional inorganic electronic materials, such as silicon and copper," said Talin. Molecules, he said, represent the "ultimate, small-scale unit" at which electronic devices can be made. They are so difficult to manipulate and organize, however, that practical "molecular electronics" have not been realized. "How you connect to molecules, where you place them -- those issues have consistently perplexed materials scientists," said Talin.

The power of empty space

So he considered a different approach. "With MOFs, we can get around this problem by using the nanopores to organize molecules. The trick is to pick the right kind of molecule, so that it binds to and interacts with the entire framework." Some MOFs, says Talin, have empty holes in the tinker-toy balls that can bind molecules that infiltrate the pores.

"This isn't like silicon, which can't change its electrical properties," Talin said. "You can add tiny amounts of dopants to silicon or introduce other impurities, but with our approach, you suddenly have the potential to tailor the material to achieve exactly the properties you want. This is the beauty of molecular electronics."

To test their hypothesis, Sandia and NIST's researchers added a molecule known as tetracyanoquinodimethane, or TCNQ, to their framework. First, they took a substrate with platinum electrodes patterned on its surface and coated it with a thin film of the MOF. The substrate was then dipped in a solution containing the TCNQ molecule, which they knew would seep into the MOF's tiny pores. The MOF film containing the TCNQ bridged the electrode connection points, which then could be connected to a current meter for measuring.

"Frankly, I thought it would never work," said Allendorf. "But that's the great thing about science: being wrong can be a good thing."

The results are in, and they are good

The research team found that the MOF materials were conducting, though at relatively small quantities at first. "It was clear that something good was happening, so we were very excited," said Allendorf.

The experiment was repeated several times with slight but important improvements in film quality achieved by optimizing the laboratory fabrication process.

"Conditions matter, and we had to be very deliberate in how we prepared the framework to accept the guest molecule," said Allendorf. Removing the water and excess solvent from the film is no trivial matter, he said. The research team fine-tuned the process over the course of several months and, in doing so, began to see large leaps in electrical conductivity.

"The increase was massive," said Talin. The conductivity in the material, he says, is now a million times higher than that of the starting material, and a thousand times higher than anything previously reported using a metal-organic framework. The researchers plan on patenting their approach and also hope to land additional funding in order to experiment with other guest molecules.

Keeping up with Moore's Law and other applications

"The overwhelming success of this project opens a whole new way to design electrically active materials," said Talin. Organic materials, he pointed out, offer low costs and mechanical flexibility. "There are probably hundreds of potential applications for this work that come into play, such as breath analysis and microelectronics," he said.

The ability to make smaller and faster electronic devices to keep up with Moore's Law has always been a motivator in the field of molecular electronics, Allendorf said. MOFs have the potential to create molecular electronic devices on the scale of their pore dimensions, or approximately 1 nanometer.

Solar technology is another potential application, said Allendorf, and the Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy funded some of the initial research. "With electrically conducting MOFs, we might very well be able to combine the high efficiencies achievable with traditional inorganic thin film materials such as polycrystalline silicon with the low cost and flexibility aspects of organic photovoltaics," he said.

"Our next step needs to be the exploration of other hosts and guest molecules," said Talin. "We'd like to experiment with different MOF structures and different organic molecules to see if new behavior emerges. We want to see where this new learning takes us."

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

LED Lighting Built in Britain: You will be hearing more of LED lighting firm PhotonStar

2013/12/09

11dec13PhotonStarRoom With factories in South Wales and Hampshire, PhotonStar designs, makes and tests professional and commercial LED light fittings in the UK, and is about to enter the consumer world with a wirelessly colour-tuneable LED light bulb, branded Halcyon.

“PhotonStar has a commitment to UK manufacture at a time when most LED products are manufactured in Asia,” said the firm. “Our products are modular and designed to be assembled with minimal labour.”

The light bulbs came out of an effort to see what was possible once a microprocessor is embedded in a light source, and early on it became obvious that such sources would have to be wirelessly controlled, company marketing director Fenella Frost told Electronics Weekly.

This is not the only wireless development within PhotonStar. For CES 2013 it worked with transceiver chip firm CSR to demonstrate a Bluetooth lighting system where smartphones and tablets were used as controllers.

Light mixing in the forthcoming bulbs is based on a professional colour-tuneable technology the firm calls ChromaWhite – which uses multiple different coloured and white LEDs to deliver flicker-free whites from 2,700 to 6,500K, with colour rendering that includes the frequently-ignored ‘R9′ reds. To maintain colour rendering index and intensity over the life of the product, feedback is used.

ChromaWhite capability

“ChromaWhite monitors itself in many ways: temperature, delivered light intensity and delivered colour. It gets used in things like filming, in TV, and in museums, and they are all quite happy to pay what it costs,” said Frost. Users can also be found in art galleries, shops, and medical situations.

Specifically, the technology behind Halcyon is ‘ChromaWhite II’, a variant of the original which uses a different mix of source colours and was developed with help from a Department of Energy and Climate Change grant, said Frost.

The LED mix inside the bulbs includes conventional blue-die-plus-amber-phosphor devices for maximum efficiency at high output levels, and LEDs of other colours.

Frost stresses that PhotonStar is not simply changing the intensity of red LEDs amongst ‘cool white’ LEDs to vary apparent colour temperature, or panning from cool white LEDs to warm white LEDs.

With ChromaWhite II “you can completely remove blue for night time use,” she said.

Why remove the blue?

Blue spectral content could easily become important in the selling of LED home lighting because blue light triggers recently-discovered photo-sensitive ganglion cells in the human eye. Although they form no images, they strongly affect levels of the sleep hormone melatonin. Seeing a spectrum including blue late in the evening can upset the body’s circadian rhythm (scroll down to ‘sleep’), causing a night of disrupted sleep.

Professional track lighting from PhotonStar

So ‘circadian’ may become a useful marketing term for light sources whose light can be made warmer (manually or automatically) as the evening progresses to ease people into sleep.

Due to the way the eye works, many combinations of colours can produce any particular colour temperature of ‘white’. An incandescent light bulb and a warm white LED can both produce 2,700K ‘white’ that looks the same to a human, but the LED spectrum has considerably more blue. And a nocturnal trip to the loo under light with blue in the spectrum can result trouble getting back to sleep.

Frost concern that circadian will get polluted as a word, and consumers put off, if manufacturers try to associate it with products that always emit a lot of blue, whatever their perceived colour temperature.

As an aside, the eye’s rods and cones are also active in regulating melatonin, so light at almost any wavelength can disrupt sleep if it is bright enough. Candles produces very warm (1,850K) white with a spectrum that has only a tiny fraction of blue, which could be one reason they are popular with those for whom evening relaxation is important. Dim deep red light is the least likely to alter sleep patterns.

Back with Halcyon bulbs, temperature feedback is retained but for cost reasons colour and intensity feedback is not included – although they may return in a mooted Halcyon Professional range.

Halcyon

The system consists of individual colour-tuneable LED light bulbs, each with an ARM Cortex-M0 and a 2.4GHz 6LoPan (802.15.4) link; plus an ARM Cortex-A8-based wireless bridging box that connects the bulbs to the home’s Wi-Fi router by an Ethernet cable, and a web-based app.

Its lightbulbs form a self-healing tree network from the bridging box, said Frost, not mesh network.

Via Ethernet and the home wireless router, the box acts as a server and establishes communication to “allow any smart thing to control the bulbs”, she said. “It is browser-based so will work with anything: Windows, Android, iOS, Blackberry, KindleFire, …anything.” The app is still under development: “We have the raw bones; it is all about making it slick, lovely and beautiful.”

Communication is bi-directional and multi-user, so a number of people and remote sensors and automated devices can control the system’s state, and all can find out which lights are at what colour temperature and intensity. There is also a hierarchy so, for example, parents can over-ride their children. Security, secure authentication and device joining is covered by 128bit AES encryption in a way which is the subject of a patent.

No access to the Internet is needed for the system to work but, said Frost, set-up will be made considerably more straightforward by an on-line tool.

The roll-out of Halcyon products will include the demandingly-small GU10 bulb, from which Frost predicts 350lm will be possible.

Professional Halcyon products will deliver more light from a given size: “much higher outputs because we are in control of thermal management,” said Frost.

Consumer products will be “initially made in the UK”, said Frost.

Where did PhotonStar come from?

The company was established in 2007 by Dr Majd Zoorob (now CTO) and Dr James Mckenzie (now CEO), both who had a history in LED and chip design.

“When we started, it was originally going to be an LED chip making company, we thought we would manufacture die,” said Frost.

That is not what happened.

“We had some very unique IP, which we licence to LED die manufacturers, but we decided to go into good quality LED lighting. We have quite a lot of IP at system level, particularly involving colour-tuning and colour mixing,” said Frost. “We were recognised as a trusted adviser, with our first products at the ARC show in London, and we have won awards continually since then.”

As part of its development, PhotonStar made a reverse take-over of Enfis which was re-named PhotonStar Group, whose HQ, operations, and sales activities are in Romsey, Hampshire.

Within the group, there are three different businesses:

PhotonStar LED in Tredegar South Wales makes lighting. “Very much professional lighting,” said Frost.

Camtronics Vale

Camtronics Vale is an electronic assembly sub-contractor with surface-mount facilities, also at Tredegar. The firm is not dedicated to lighting, and manufactures a variety of products, said Frost.

PhotonStar Technology manufactures LED light engines in Romsey.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

2013-12-09

泉州女子在超市300元买假A货玉石

　　台海网12月8日讯据海峡都市报消息，昨日上午11时左右，经过鲤城区工商局12315的调解，买到假A货玉的陈女士成功退货。

　　前日下午，陈女士从鲤城一家超市购物出来后，被楼梯口一家玉石店的店员叫住。店员称，在超市消费满68元，凭购物小票能抽奖。消费108元的陈女士进店，抽到一张2000元的玉石店代金券。陈女士说，店员称店里玉石都是缅甸A货玉，她看中一款价值3000多元的手镯，经讨价还价以2300元成交，她实际只付300元。不想，当她拿玉镯去鉴定时，被告知这只是普通玉石，售价在百元以内，要求店家退货无果后，她拨打12315投诉。

TAG:泉州女子在超市300元买假A货玉石

Business Vitesse founder avoids jail

2013/12/09

Louis Tomasetta founder of Vitesse Semiconductor, will not go to jail after pleading guilty in August to conspiring to obstruct a federal investigation

Instead of jail-time, Tomasetta will do three months pobation.

Also doing three moths probation will be Vitesse’s former CFO Eugene Hovanec.

Hovanec and Tomasetta admitted thst they destroyed or falsified records of stock option grants for April and October 2001.

The sentences were handed down by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Chip Ferrite Beads Freescale Semiconductor ALTERA IC Other Parts Atmel IC Capacitor AVX Resistors AGILENT LED ST Transistors IC(Integrated Circuits) Civil IC Fleld Effect Transistors LITTELFUSE Diodes YAGEO Resistors Cypress IC components AD IC LED part DIODES Transistors Metal Can Packages Transistors Bipolar Transistors Xilinx IC NXP Diodes Discrete Semiconductor Transistors Rectifier Diodes PANASONIC Transistors ST Diodes Digital Transistors Ligitek LED TOSHIBA Transistors Schottky Diodes NEC Transistors MURATA IC Infineon Technologies Transistors Voltage Regulators Transistors INFLNEON Diodes TDK IC NS IC ROHM Resistors
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7838.aspx

Business 4.3% semi growth in 2013, says Cowan

2013/12/09

Mike Cowan puts this year’s semi market growth at 4.3% which is on the low side compared to other forecasters.

Top of the estimate range is Jim Handy’s ‘approaching 10%’, followed by VLSI Research’s 7.7%, Merrill Lynch’s 7.6 % and Databeans’ 7.1%.

Then comes IDC and Malcolm Penn at 6.9%, and Semico and Bill Jewell on 5 to 6%.

Gartner comes in at 5.2%, IHS at 5% and IC Insights at 4.8%.

The WSTS and SIA predict 4.4%, Morris Chang says 4 %, Value Line Publishing and ABI say 3 %, The Information Network says 1.5 % and the Carnegie Group says minus 1.5%.

For next year Cowan is forecasting a 4.5. % increase to $317 billion with Q1 at $75 billion, Q2 at $78 billion, Q3 at $84 billion and Q4 at $82 billion.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Concussion secrets unveiled in mice and people

Dec. 8, 2013 — There is more than meets the eye following even a mild traumatic brain injury. While the brain may appear to be intact, new findings reported in Nature suggest that the brain's protective coverings may feel the brunt of the impact.

Share This:

Using a newly developed mouse trauma model, senior author Dorian McGavern, Ph.D., scientist at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), part of the National Institutes of Health, watched specific cells mount an immune response to the injury and try to prevent more widespread damage. Notably, additional findings suggest a similar immune response may occur in patients with mild head injury.

In this study, researchers also discovered that certain molecules, when applied directly to the mouse skull, can bypass the brain's protective barriers and enter the brain. The findings suggested that, in the mouse trauma model, one of those molecules may reduce effects of brain injury.

Although concussions are common, not much is known about the effects of this type of damage. As part of this study, Lawrence Latour, Ph.D., a scientist from NINDS and the Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, examined individuals who had recently suffered a concussion but whose initial scans did not reveal any physical damage to brain tissue. After administering a commonly used dye during MRI scans, Latour and his colleagues saw it leaking into the meninges, the outer covers of the brain, in 49 percent of 142 patients with concussion.

To determine what happens following this mild type of injury, researchers in Dr. McGavern's lab developed a new model of brain trauma in mice.

"In our mice, there was leakage from blood vessels right underneath the skull bone at the site of injury, similar to the type of effect we saw in almost half of our patients who had mild traumatic brain injury. We are using this mouse model to look at meningeal trauma and how that spreads more deeply into the brain over time," said Dr. McGavern.

Dr. McGavern and his colleagues also discovered that the intact skull bone was porous enough to allow small molecules to get through to the brain. They showed that smaller molecules reached the brain faster and to a greater extent than larger ones. "It was surprising to discover that all these protective barriers the brain has may not be concrete. You can get something to pass through them," said Dr. McGavern.

The researchers found that applying glutathione (an antioxidant that is normally found in our cells) directly on the skull surface after brain injury reduced the amount of cell death by 67 percent. When the researchers applied glutathione three hours after injury, cell death was reduced by 51 percent. "This idea that we have a time window within which to work, potentially up to three hours, is exciting and may be clinically important," said Dr. McGavern.

Glutathione works by decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules that damage cells. In this study, high levels of ROS were observed at the trauma site right after the physical brain injury occurred. The massive flood of ROS set up a sequence of events that led to cell death in the brain, but glutathione was able to prevent many of those effects.

In addition, using a powerful microscopic technique, the researchers filmed what was happening just beneath the skull surface within five minutes of injury. They captured never-before-seen details of how the brain responds to traumatic injury and how it mobilizes to defend itself.

Initially, they saw cell death in the meninges and at the glial limitans (a very thin barrier at the surface of the brain that is the last line of defense against dangerous molecules). Cell death in the underlying brain tissue did not occur until 9-12 hours after injury. "You have death in the lining first and then this penetrates into the brain tissue later. The goal of therapies for brain injury is to protect the brain tissue," said Dr. McGavern.

Almost immediately after head injury, the glial limitans can break down and develop holes, providing a way for potentially harmful molecules to get into the brain. The researchers observed microglia (immune cells that act as first responders in the brain against dangerous substances) quickly moving up to the brain surface, plugging up the holes.

Findings from Dr. McGavern's lab indicate that microglia do this in two ways. According to Dr. McGavern, "If the astrocytes, the cells that make up the glial limitans, are still there, microglia will come up to 'caulk' the barrier and plug up gaps between individual astrocytes. If an astrocyte dies, that results in a larger space in the glial limitans, so the microglia will change shape, expand into a fat jellyfish-like structure and try to plug up that hole. These reactions, which have never been seen before in living brains, help secure the barrier and prevent toxic substances from getting into the brain."

Studies have suggested that immune responses in the brain can often lead to severe damage. Remarkably, the findings in this study show that the inflammatory response in a mild traumatic brain injury model is actually beneficial during the first 9-12 hours after injury.

Mild traumatic brain injuries are a growing public health concern. According to a report from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, in 2009 at least 2.4 million people suffered a traumatic brain injury and 75 percent of those injuries were mild. This study provides insight into the damage that occurs following head trauma and identifies potential therapeutic targets, such as antioxidants, for reducing the damaging effects.

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbjGxCEL3gk&feature=youtu.be

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Texas Instruments(TI) IC PANASONIC IR transistor Switches Infineon Technologies Transistors Multi-units Transistors LED Other Parts Zener Diodes Chip Inductors AGILENT LED MAXIM IC Resistors TOSHIBA Diodes Capacitor TI IC SANYO IC TDK IC NXP Diodes ON Diodes Discrete Semiconductor Transistors ALTERA IC MOTOROLA IC chip Filter saws Switching Diodes LED part Freescale Semiconductor Cypress IC Industrial IC Resistor Arrays INFLNEON Diodes IDT IC Kingbrigt LED Schottky Diodes Low Ohmic Resistors Chip Ferrite Beads NEC Diodes LITTELFUSE Diodes IC(Integrated Circuits) Metal Can Packages Transistors
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7834.aspx