2020-11-20

Spring Boot优雅地处理404异常

背景

在使用SpringBoot的过程中,你肯定遇到过404错误。比如下面的代码:

@RestController@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")public class HelloWorldController { @RequestMapping("/test") public Object getObject1(HttpServletRequest request){  Response response = new Response();  response.success("请求成功...");  response.setResponseTime();  return response; }}

当我们使用错误的请求地址(POST >{ "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000", "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/hello/test1"}

虽然上面的返回很清楚,但是我们的接口需要返回统一的格式,比如:

{ "rtnCode":"9999", "rtnMsg":"404 /hello/test1 Not Found"}

这时候你可能会想有Spring的统一异常处理,在Controller类上加@RestControllerAdvice注解。但是这种做法并不能统一处理404错误。

404错误产生的原因

产生404的原因是我们调了一个不存在的接口,但是为什么会返回下面的json报错呢?我们先从Spring的源代码分析下。

{ "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000", "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/hello/test1"}

为了代码简单起见,这边直接从DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法开始分析。(如果不知道为什么要从这边开始,你还要熟悉下SpringMVC的源代码)。

... 省略部分代码....// Actually invoke the handler.mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());... 省略部分代码

Spring MVC会根据请求URL的不同,配置的RequestMapping的不同,为请求匹配不同的HandlerAdapter。

对于上面的请求地址 >@Override@Nullablepublic ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { ((HttpRequestHandler) handler).handleRequest(request, response); return null;}

这个方法没什么内容,直接是调用了HttpRequestHandler类的handleRequest(request, response)方法。所以直接进入这个方法看下吧。

@Overridepublic void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // For very general mappings (e.g. "/") we need to check 404 first Resource resource = getResource(request); if (resource == null) {  logger.trace("No matching resource found - returning 404");  // 这个方法很简单,就是设置404响应码,然后将Response的errorState状态从0设置成1  response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);  // 直接返回  return; } ... 省略部分方法}

这个方法很简单,就是设置404响应码,将Response的errorState状态从0设置成1,然后就返回响应了。整个过程并没有发生任何异常,所以不能触发Spring的全局异常处理机制

到这边还有一个问题没有解决:就是下面的404提示信息是怎么返回的。

{ "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000", "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/hello/test1"}

我们继续往下看。Response响应被返回,进入org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve类的invoke方法进行处理。(不要问我为什么知道是在这里?Debug的能力是需要自己摸索出来的,自己调试多了,你也就会了)

@Overridepublic final void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException {  Context context = request.getContext(); if (context == null) {  response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,       sm.getString("standardHost.noContext"));  return; } if (request.isAsyncSupported()) {  request.setAsyncSupported(context.getPipeline().isAsyncSupported()); } boolean asyncAtStart = request.isAsync(); boolean asyncDispatching = request.isAsyncDispatching(); try {  context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER);  if (!asyncAtStart && !context.fireRequestInitEvent(request.getRequest())) {   return;  }  try {   if (!asyncAtStart || asyncDispatching) {    context.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);   } else {    if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) {     throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("standardHost.asyncStateError"));    }   }  } catch (Throwable t) {   ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);   container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + request.getRequestURI(), t);   if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) {    request.setAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION, t);    throwable(request, response, t);   }  }  response.setSuspended(false);  Throwable t = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION);  if (!context.getState().isAvailable()) {   return;  }  // 在这里判断请求是不是发生了错误,错误的话就进入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。  // Look for (and render if found) an application level error page  if (response.isErrorReportRequired()) {   if (t != null) {    throwable(request, response, t);   } else {    status(request, response);   }  }  if (!request.isAsync() && !asyncAtStart) {   context.fireRequestDestroyEvent(request.getRequest());  } } finally {  // Access a session (if present) to update last accessed time, based  // on a strict interpretation of the specification  if (ACCESS_SESSION) {   request.getSession(false);  }  context.unbind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER); } }

这个方法会根据返回的响应判断是不是发生了错了,如果发生了error,则进入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。这个方法"兜兜转转"又进入了StandardHostValve的custom(Request request, Response response,ErrorPage errorPage)方法。这个方法中将请求重新forward到了"/error"接口。

 private boolean custom(Request request, Response response,        ErrorPage errorPage) {  if (container.getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {   container.getLogger().debug("Processing " + errorPage);  }  try {   // Forward control to the specified location   ServletContext servletContext =    request.getContext().getServletContext();   RequestDispatcher rd =    servletContext.getRequestDispatcher(errorPage.getLocation());   if (rd == null) {    container.getLogger().error(     sm.getString("standardHostValue.customStatusFailed", errorPage.getLocation()));    return false;   }   if (response.isCommitted()) {    rd.include(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());   } else {    // Reset the response (keeping the real error code and message)    response.resetBuffer(true);    response.setContentLength(-1);    // 1: 重新forward请求到/error接口    rd.forward(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());    response.setSuspended(false);   }   return true;  } catch (Throwable t) {   ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);   container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + errorPage, t);   return false;  } }

上面标号1处的代码重新将请求forward到了/error接口。所以如果我们开着Debug日志的话,你会在后台看到下面的日志。

[http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:891 - DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcherServlet' processing POST request for [/error]2020-11-19 19:04:04.280 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:313 - Looking up handler method for path /error2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:320 - Returning handler method [public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)]2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory:255 - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'basicErrorController'

上面是/error的请求日志。到这边还是没说明为什么能返回json格式的404返回格式。我们继续往下看。

到这边为止,我们好像没有任何线索了。但是如果仔细看上面日志的话,你会发现这个接口的处理方法是:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)]

我们打开BasicErrorController这个类的源代码,一切豁然开朗。

@Controller@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html") public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,   HttpServletResponse response) {  HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);  Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(    request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));  response.setStatus(status.value());  ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);  return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {  Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,    isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));  HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);  return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status); } ... 省略部分方法}

BasicErrorController是Spring默认配置的一个Controller,默认处理/error请求。BasicErrorController提供两种返回错误一种是页面返回、当你是页面请求的时候就会返回页面,另外一种是json请求的时候就会返回json错误。

自定义404错误处理类

我们先看下BasicErrorController是在哪里进行配置的。

在IDEA中,查看BasicErrorController的usage,我们发现这个类是在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration中自动配置的。

@Configuration@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })// Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available@AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {  @Bean	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)	public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {		return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),				this.errorViewResolvers);	}	... 省略部分代码}

从上面的配置中可以看出来,只要我们自己配置一个ErrorController,就可以覆盖掉BasicErrorController的行为。

@Controller@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")public class CustomErrorController extends BasicErrorController { @Value("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") private String path; public CustomErrorController(ServerProperties serverProperties) {  super(new DefaultErrorAttributes(), serverProperties.getError()); } /**  * 覆盖默认的JSON响应  */ @Override public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {  HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);  Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);  Map<String, Object> originalMsgMap = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));  String path = (String)originalMsgMap.get("path");  String error = (String)originalMsgMap.get("error");  String message = (String)originalMsgMap.get("message");  StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",","[","]");  joiner.add(path).add(error).add(message);  map.put("rtnCode", "9999");  map.put("rtnMsg", joiner.toString());  return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(map, status); } /**  * 覆盖默认的HTML响应  */ @Override public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {  //请求的状态  HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);  response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value());  Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(request,    isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));  ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);  //指定自定义的视图  return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); }}

默认的错误路径是/error,我们可以通过以下配置进行覆盖:

server: error: path: /xxx

更详细的内容请参考Spring Boot的章节。

简单总结

  • 如果在过滤器(Filter)中发生异常,或者调用的接口不存在,Spring会直接将Response的errorStatus状态设置成1,将http响应码设置为500或者404,Tomcat检测到errorStatus为1时,会将请求重现forward到/error接口;
  • 如果请求已经进入了Controller的处理方法,这时发生了异常,如果没有配置Spring的全局异常机制,那么请求还是会被forward到/error接口,如果配置了全局异常处理,Controller中的异常会被捕获;
  • 继承BasicErrorController就可以覆盖原有的错误处理方式。

原文转载:http://www.shaoqun.com/a/490606.html

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背景在使用SpringBoot的过程中,你肯定遇到过404错误。比如下面的代码:@RestController@RequestMapping(value="/hello")publicclassHelloWorldController{@RequestMapping("/test")publicObjectgetObject1(HttpServletRequ
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